µMAG Standard Problem #3

μMAG Standard Problem #3 determines the single domain limit of a cubic magnetic particle — the critical edge length $L$ (in units of exchange length $l_{\mathrm{ex}} = \sqrt{A / K_m}$, where $K_m = \frac{1}{2} \mu_0 M_s^2$) at which the “flower state” and “vortex state” have equal total energy.

The uniaxial anisotropy constant is $K_u = 0.1,K_m$ with the easy axis along $z$. All energies are normalised by $K_m L^3$.

The expected result is $L \approx 8.47,l_{\mathrm{ex}}$.

Submissions#

GroupMethod$L_{\mathrm{crit}} / l_{\mathrm{ex}}$$e / K_m$Reference
Rave, Hubert, FabianBerkov-Ramstock-Hubert 3D extension8.470.3027W. Rave, K. Fabian, A. Hubert, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 190, 332-348 (1998)
Martins, Ribeiro, FreitasFDM, cubic grid with extrapolation8.4687 (extrapolated)0.3026
Hertel, KronmüllerFEM (tetmag)8.52 (sym. flower) / 8.57 (twisted flower)0.3049 / 0.3032
Bjork, Poulsen, InsingaMagTense (analytical demag tensor)8.477 ± 0.007 (extrapolated)R. Bjork, E. B. Poulsen, A. R. Insinga, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 535, 168057 (2021)

Convergence of critical size#

Critical size

Convergence of total energy at transition#

Total energy

Flower state partial energies#

Flower state

Vortex state partial energies#

Vortex state

Convergence data: Martins, Ribeiro, Freitas#

$N$$L / l_{\mathrm{ex}}$$e / K_m$Flower demagFlower exch.Flower anis.Vortex demagVortex exch.Vortex anis.
108.40730.29370.26990.01800.00570.06870.17360.0513
208.45280.30010.27660.01780.00570.07540.17270.0519
308.46350.30140.27800.01780.00560.07690.17250.0520
408.46540.30200.27870.01770.00560.07750.17240.0521
508.46670.30230.27890.01770.00560.07780.17240.0521
708.46730.30250.27920.01770.00560.07800.17240.0521

Convergence data: Bjork, Poulsen, Insinga#

$N$$L / l_{\mathrm{ex}}$$e / K_m$Flower demagFlower exch.Flower anis.Vortex demagVortex exch.Vortex anis.
58.25080.30630.28630.01510.00490.08350.17280.0500
68.30040.30530.28430.01590.00510.08020.17510.0500
78.34960.30460.28300.01630.00520.08030.17330.0509
88.37660.30410.28220.01660.00530.07960.17330.0512
98.39630.30380.28160.01680.00530.07940.17300.0514
108.41010.30360.28120.01700.00540.07910.17290.0516
118.42050.30340.28100.01710.00540.07900.17280.0517
128.42850.30330.28080.01710.00540.07880.17270.0517
138.43470.30320.28060.01720.00550.07880.17270.0518
148.43960.30320.28050.01720.00550.07870.17260.0518
158.44360.30310.28040.01730.00550.07860.17260.0519
168.44690.30300.28030.01730.00550.07860.17260.0519
178.44970.30300.28020.01730.00550.07850.17250.0519
188.45200.30300.28010.01730.00550.07850.17250.0520
198.45390.30290.28010.01740.00550.07850.17250.0520
208.45560.30290.28010.01740.00550.07850.17250.0520